The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS) ESRD Network Program consists of a national network of 18 ESRD Networks responsible for each United States territory and the District of Columbia. These ESRD Networks service geographic areas based on the number and concentration of ESRD beneficiaries. The Networks are responsible for developing local objectives and goals that support national priorities mandated by CMS and the legislative requirements of Congress.

ESRD Networks are required to conduct specific Quality Improvement Activities focused on patient care, maintaining a patient registry, providing educational materials, and investigating patient grievances. These activities are described in the CMS Statement of Work (SOW).